War and peace in the Middle East has become a complex topic and attracts world attention. In recent years, conflicts in this region have been influenced by various factors, including political, economic, religious and historical aspects. Recent analysis shows that despite efforts to create peace, violence and instability remain major problems. The conflict in Syria remains one of the most profound, with multiple international actors involved. The Syrian civil war that began in 2011 has resulted in more than 500,000 deaths and the displacement of millions of people. The intervention of Russia and the US, as well as the role of Iran and Türkiye, adds complexity to this situation. Diplomatic efforts undertaken by the UN experienced obstacles, due to differences in interests between donor countries and the parties involved. Yemen is also facing an extraordinary humanitarian crisis due to the war that has been going on since 2015. The conflict between the recognized Yemeni government and the Houthi rebels, supported by Iran, continues the suffering of civilians. Some 24 million people need humanitarian assistance, but efforts to achieve a permanent ceasefire remain deadlocked. In Iraq, although ISIS has lost its territorial hold, the terrorist threat still exists. Tensions between the Kurdish government and the center have caused uncertainty in the region. Iran-backed militias are seeking to expand their influence, raising concerns among neighboring countries. Palestine-Israel has always been a deep and intractable conflict, with tensions escalating every year. The Gaza war and Israel’s occupation policies have increased dissatisfaction among the Palestinian people. Many peace initiatives are temporary, and addressing resettlement issues and refugee rights are core unresolved issues. As countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain normalize relations with Israel, new dynamics are emerging in Middle Eastern geopolitics. The formation of this new alliance could pave the way for dialogue, but it could also trigger jealousy and dissatisfaction among other countries, including Iran and Palestine. From an economic perspective, many countries in the Middle East are facing crises due to political instability and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Falling oil prices contributed to fiscal problems, and countries such as Lebanon experienced severe economic crises, leading to popular protests demanding change. The involvement of international actors such as the US, Russia and China is increasing, making the Middle East an arena of global competition. Economic sanctions imposed on countries like Iran could trigger further backlash, exacerbating tensions. In this context, it is important to involve international organizations capable of facilitating dialogue and negotiations. A sustainable approach is needed to achieve an effective peace roadmap, involving all relevant parties. Diplomacy must prioritize the welfare of the people, not just political interests. War and peace in the Middle East are a reflection of the complexity of human history. Every conflict holds valuable lessons that the world must understand to prevent the same mistakes from being repeated, and build bridges towards lasting peace.